They are also potential biomarkers for all-cause mortality, along with citrate and VLDL particle size ( Fischer et al., 2014).
![properties of hydrophobic amino acids properties of hydrophobic amino acids](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/YTEBg1XU9z8/maxresdefault.jpg)
ALB and AGP are the most important for two reasons: first, their main role is carriers and storage depot of the majority of exogenous and endogenous substances into the bloodstream ( Lehman-McKeeman, 2013) second, ALB and AGP may be good biomarkers for inflammation and liver disease. In the human body, there are many plasma proteins that allow the binding of xenobiotics (drugs and/or contaminants) such as albumin (ALB), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), lipoproteins (HDL, LDL, VLDL, and chylomicrons), fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, transferrin, α, β, γ-globulins, etc ( Bowman, 1993 Kerns and Di, 2008 Putnam, 1984).
![properties of hydrophobic amino acids properties of hydrophobic amino acids](https://wou.edu/chemistry/files/2017/05/polar-amino-acids.png)
in vitro-in vivo extrapolations, 3D molecular docking, interspecies extrapolations), and for other interdisciplinary research. The content of this review is useful for the design of new drug entities with high-binding characteristics, in qualitative and quantitative modelling (e.g. The protein-ligand interaction influences differently the disposition of drugs that bind to either of these plasma proteins. However, the variability in residues found in binding pockets, for the same species, allows each plasma protein to interact differently with the ligands. This review summarizes the common knowledge about the structural and molecular characteristics of both ALB and AGP in humans, and about the most involved amino acids in their high-affinity binding pockets. bioavailability, distribution and clearance), on their innocuity and their efficacy. Although Albumin (ALB) and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) have distinctive structural and functional characteristics, they both play a key role in binding a large variety of endogenous and exogenous ligands.Īn extensive binding to these plasma proteins could have a potential impact on drugs disposition (e.g.